Class 10 Social Science: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe important questions

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe is a chapter of Class 10 Social Science for the CBSE. These 11 questions are marked Very Important, Important or Practice, and each answer has been checked by our team. Use them to revise, not as a prediction of what will come in the exam.

1. Very Important · 5 marks

   1. Highlight the various measures and practices that French revolutionaries introduced to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. OR Highlight the role of Otto Von Bismarck in making of Germany.

   i. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. ii. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. iii. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. iv. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated v. A centralized administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. vi. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. vii. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation. viii. Any other relevant point (ANY FIVE POINTS) OR Highlight the role of Otto Von Bismarck in making of Germany. ANS. i. Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. ii. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, was the architect of this process carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. iii. Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. iv. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles. v. On January 1871, an assembly comprising the princes of the German states, representatives of the army, important Prussian ministers including the chief minister Otto von Bismarck gathered in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles to proclaim the new German Empire headed by Kaiser William I of Prussia. vi. Any other relevant point (ANY FIVE POINTS)

2. Practice · 1 marks

   2. When many countries of Europe came together to form the European Union, was chosen as its headquarters. a. Brussels b. Paris c. London d. Zurich

   a. Brussels

3. Practice · 1 marks

   3. Identify the painting from the options given below. a. Frankfurt Parliament b. Reichstag c. Duma d. The House of Parliament

   a. Frankfurt Parliament

4. Important · 2 marks

   4. (A): “The most powerful weapon of the Spanish conqueror was not a conventional military weapon at all.” Justify the above statement by giving two reasons. OR (B): “Traders and travelers introduced new crops to lands they travelled. “Substantiate this statement with illustrations.

   The Spanish conqueror’s most powerful weapon was not a conventional military weapon because, ● they used germs like smallpox which spread deep into the continent before any European could reach there. ● America's original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from Europe. This disease erased the whole community, leading to conquest. This biological warfare in the mid sixteenth century made it easy for Spanish to overpower the Americans. OR (B): “Traders and travelers introduced new crops to lands they travelled.” Substantiate this statement with illustrations. (B); Ans: “Traders and travelers introduced new crops to lands they travelled” - It is believed that noodles travelled West from China to become Spaghetti. Perhaps Arab Traders took Pasta to fifth century Cecily and Island now in Italy, - Similar food was known in India and Japan, so that the truth about their origins may never be known. - Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chilies, sweet potatoes, and so on were not known to our ancestors until about five centuries ago. These foods were only introduced in Europe and Asia after Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the vast continent that would later become known as the America. In fact, many of our common foods came from America’s original inhabitants – the American Indians.

5. Very Important · 5 marks

   5. (A) : How would you evaluate Napoleon as an administrator who created amore rational and efficient system? Elucidate with suitable examples. OR (B) : Analyze the decisions taken by the conservatives at the Congress ofVienna in the year 1815.

   - The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code, secured the right to property, established equality before the law, and removed all privileges based on birth. - The Napoleonic Code was followed by the regions under the French control. - New businessmen, artisans, peasants, and workers enjoyed a new-found freedom. - In territories under French control such as Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and Dutch Republic, peasants were freed from manorial dues, peasants were freed from serfdom, feudal system was abolished, administrative divisions were simplified. - Guild restrictions were removed in towns. - There were improvements in communication and transport systems. - To facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another, small-scale producers of goods and businessmen began to realise that common national currency, standardised measures and weights, and uniform laws were of great help. (Any other relevant points) OR Q. Analyze the decisions taken by the conservatives at the Congress of Vienna in the year 1815. Ans: The representatives of the four great European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The result was the Treaty of Vienna of 1815. - Its object was to undo the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars and to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe. - The bourbon dynasty, (deposed during the French Revolution) was restored to power. - France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. - A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent it from expansion in the future. E.g., kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the north. - Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given territories on its western frontiers. Austria was given control of northern Italy. - The German confederation of 39 states set up by Napoleon was left untouched. In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony. Thus, conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. They did not tolerate criticism and dissent. They curbed activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments. (Any other relevant points)

6. Practice · 1 marks

   6. Which of the following symbol does the “broken chains “stand for? (A) Freedom. (B) Strength (C) Willingness to make peace. (D) Heroism

   (A) Freedom. Among the symbols of nationalism (for example in Philip Veit's 'Germania'), broken chains stand for being freed.

7. Practice · 1 marks

   7. Match the following and Choose the correct option: COLUMN I COLUMN II A Frederic Sorrieu 1 Torch of enlightenments B Statue of Liberty 2 Shattered remains of absolutist Institutions C Foreground in front of the Statue 3 Democratic and Social of Liberty Republics D Sorrieu’s utopian vision. 4 French Artist 1.A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3 2.A-2, B-4, C-4, D-1 3.A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 4.A-4, B-1, C-3, D-4

   1- A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

8. Practice · 1 marks

   8. Thousands of people fled Europe for America in the 19th century due to - A. Widespread poverty and deadly diseases B. Frequent famines and poor living conditions C. Continuous wars and political instability D. Harsh climate and repeated natural disasters

   A - Widespread poverty and deadly diseases

9. Very Important · 5 marks

   9. ‘In Britain the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution but was the result of a long-drawn-out process.’ Analyse this statement with suitable reasons. OR 7B. ‘The Treaty of Vienna was drawn up in 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.’ Highlight the significant provisions of this treaty.

   1. In Britain the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. The primary identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles were ethnic ones - such as English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. 2. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain' meant that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. Scotland's distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed. 3. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland. 4. The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country. Catholic revolts against British dominance were suppressed. Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801. 5. The symbols of the new Britain - the British flag, the national anthem, the English language were actively promoted and the older nations survived only as subordinate partners in this union. OR 7B 1. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. 2. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future. Thus the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. 3. Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy. 4. The German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched. In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony. 5. The main intention was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.

10. Practice · 1 marks

    10. Most conservative regimes set up in 1815 introduced strict censorship laws. What was the primary purpose of these laws? a. To regulate information written about the rulers and their policies. b. To control the growing demand for modernising the army. c. To restrict the spread of ideas of liberty and freedom expressed through newspapers and other publications. d. To prevent the circulation of views suggesting that modernisation could strengthen traditional institutions. Options: A. Only a and b B. Only a and c C. Only b and d D. Only c and d

    B- Only a and c

11. Important · 3 marks

    11. ‘The female figures become an allegory of the nation during the 19th century in Europe.’ Elaborate on the statement with examples. OR 6B Assess the role of the Greek War of Independence in shaping nationalist consciousness among educated Europeans in the nineteenth century.

    In the 19th century in Europe, the female figures became an allegory of the nation in the following ways. - 1. Artists wanted to personify the nation. Nations were represented as female figures. The female form did not belong to any particular woman in real life. It was an abstract idea, which gave the nation a concrete form. 2. The female figure became an allegory of France. The female form was given the name of Marianne, which represented the nation. Her characteristics were red cap, the tricolour and the cockade, drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic. - 3. Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. Germania wears a crown of oak leaves because oak stands for heroism. OR 6B 1. Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821. 2. Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many West Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire. 3. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where he died of fever in 1824. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.